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India is expanding its nuclear energy capacity as a key component of its strategy to meet increasing energy demands while addressing environmental concerns. As the country’s energy needs are expected to grow significantly by 2047, nuclear power is being positioned as an important contributor to both energy security and climate goals.

Growth in Nuclear Energy Capacity

In recent years, India’s nuclear power capacity has grown by over 70%, from 4,780 MW in 2013 to 8,180 MW in 2023. This expansion is part of a broader effort to diversify energy sources, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and meet national and international climate commitments. The government aims to reach 100 GW of nuclear power capacity by 2047, a target that would require the addition of several new reactors over the next two decades.

Technological Development and Innovation

India is also focusing on advancing domestic nuclear technology. In 2023, the country launched its first indigenous 700 MWe Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) in Gujarat. This marks a step toward self-reliance in nuclear technology. Additionally, research is underway into Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) that are designed to offer more flexible and efficient power generation, particularly for industrial use. These developments are part of a long-term plan to harness India’s vast thorium reserves for future nuclear energy production.

International Collaborations and Future Plans

India’s nuclear future also includes strengthening international collaborations with countries such as Russia, France, and the United States. Notably, the U.S. has agreed to assist in the establishment of six 1,208 MW nuclear power plants in Andhra Pradesh. Additionally, the joint venture between the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) and the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) aims to expand nuclear power infrastructure. As part of its commitment to private sector participation, India is also considering amendments to its nuclear-related laws, including the Atomic Energy Act, to open the sector to private investment.

Despite the rapid expansion, safety concerns and public perception remain critical. However, India’s nuclear facilities have maintained an exemplary safety record, with radiation levels at plants like Kudankulam now well below global safety benchmarks. Moving forward, the country must continue to balance ambitious nuclear expansion with rigorous safety protocols, public acceptance, and financial feasibility.