Image Source: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 

In Sri Lanka, where rural communities maintain a close relationship with the land, agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy. More than half of the population depends on farming for their income and livelihoods. However, climate change poses significant challenges to these communities, resulting in crop failures and infrastructure damage due to increasingly erratic weather patterns, including droughts and floods.

The agricultural sector experienced a severe downturn in 2022, marked by a dramatic drop in paddy rice production, Sri Lanka's primary staple food, which fell by 42% compared to the previous year. This downturn has led to widespread food insecurity, with a substantial percentage of households struggling to meet their basic needs.

Transformative Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture

In response to these challenges, the introduction of climate-resilient technologies has emerged as a viable solution. Supported by funding from Japan, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has been working to promote modern, green agricultural technologies in the country's dry zones.

One notable development has been the use of tissue culture to produce improved seedlings. This method allows farmers to cultivate pest-free crops and optimize their harvest schedules, significantly enhancing productivity. The Mawathagama lab in the Kurunegala District has been instrumental in this effort, producing various banana varieties, including those for export. However, energy costs have constrained the laboratory's ability to meet growing demand.

To mitigate this issue, a solar photovoltaic (PV) system has been installed at the lab, providing up to 50% of its energy needs. This initiative has not only reduced operating costs but also lowered the price of seedlings, directly benefiting local farmers.

The impact of solar energy extends beyond seedling production. A solar-powered pest control system, designed to reduce the need for chemical pesticides, has also been implemented. This innovation enables farmers to protect their crops more sustainably and economically.

Solar Solutions Enhance Productivity and Resilience

Additionally, solar energy is transforming post-harvest practices. Solar-powered cold rooms are being installed in various regions, allowing agricultural entrepreneurs to store large quantities of produce without immediate buyers. This capability ensures that farmers can secure their income by preventing spoilage and broadening market access.

Dairy farmers are also reaping the benefits of solar technology. Milk chilling centers equipped with solar PV systems are improving collection and storage in remote areas. These innovations enable farmers to harvest milk more frequently, thus increasing their production and income while ensuring better quality for consumers.

Image Source: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)