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A new report from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reveals that a third of sharks, rays, and chimaeras are now threatened with extinction. The report, compiled by 353 experts from 115 countries, highlights alarming declines in populations and underscores the urgent need for stronger global conservation measures. With over 2,000 pages of data, the Global Status of Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras offers a comprehensive look at the challenges facing these species, but also emphasizes actionable solutions for reversing the tide of extinction.

The findings come nearly two decades after the IUCN's first warning on the risks to sharks, rays, and chimaeras, a report that highlighted their underrepresentation in conservation efforts. While research and policy have advanced significantly since then, the current state of these species continues to deteriorate at an alarming pace, driven primarily by overfishing and bycatch.

Overfishing and Bycatch: The Dual Threats to Marine Life

The IUCN’s latest report paints a grim picture of the plight facing these ocean predators. According to the report, overfishing remains the leading cause of population declines among shark, ray, and chimaera species, particularly in regions like Indonesia, Spain, and India, which are among the top global shark-fishing nations. While a significant portion of these species is caught as bycatch (accidentally captured by fishermen targeting other species), only 26% of shark species are actually targeted for commercial fishing. This indiscriminate catch exacerbates the threat to these species.

“Overfishing is driving most species to extinction,” said Alexandra Morata, Programme Officer for the IUCN Species Survival Commission’s Shark Specialist Group. “We’re seeing drastic declines in species such as wedgefish, whiprays, and gulper sharks, which are now on the brink of disappearing.”

The trade in shark and ray products has also flourished, with the global value of shark and ray meat now 1.7 times that of the global shark fin trade. This booming trade includes high-value products like liver oil, skins, and ray gill plates, all contributing to the growing exploitation of these animals.

A Global Effort: Solutions Are Within Reach

Despite the bleak outlook, the report offers hope through a series of recommended actions that could help prevent the extinction of these species. Two decades of research have led to a deeper understanding of the ecology, biology, and trade dynamics of sharks, rays, and chimaeras, and the report details how these insights can be used to inform national conservation strategies.

“This report is a call to action,” said Dr. Rima Jabado, Deputy Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission and Chair of the Shark Specialist Group. “By implementing these recommendations—especially those focused on responsible fisheries management—we can create sustainable fisheries and protect these vital species for future generations.”

The report highlights several hopeful success stories, such as sustainable fisheries management programs in Canada, the USA, and Australia. These examples show that, with coordinated global efforts, it is possible to protect these species while supporting local economies. Moreover, the report underscores the importance of scientific collaboration, with significant improvements in research from previously underrepresented regions, including Africa, Central America, and the Caribbean.

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