India has initiated a strategic push toward fertilizer self-reliance, as the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) convened a high-level brainstorming session to outline a roadmap for reducing import dependence. The discussions brought together government officials, scientists, industry representatives, and farmers to address challenges in the fertilizer sector.

The move aligns with India’s long-term goal of achieving Atmanirbhar Bharat by 2047. Officials highlighted that fertilizers remain central to agricultural productivity, but current inefficiencies and import reliance require urgent policy and technological interventions.

Focus on Reducing Import Dependence and Improving Efficiency

Dr. M.L. Jat, Secretary of the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, stated that India consumes nearly 33 million tonnes of fertilizers annually, with a significant portion imported. He emphasized that reducing this dependence is critical for economic stability and food security.

Data indicates that fertilizer use efficiency remains low. Crops utilize only 30–50% of nitrogen, 15–25% of phosphorus, and 50–60% of potassium. The rest is lost through environmental processes, increasing costs and environmental risks.

Experts stressed the importance of balanced fertilizer use, soil health improvement, and farmer awareness. Initiatives such as soil health cards and need-based nutrient application were identified as key solutions.

Technology and Policy Reforms in Focus

The roadmap highlights the use of advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, precision nutrient management, and sensor-based systems. These tools aim to optimize fertilizer application and reduce waste.

Policy reforms were also discussed. Suggestions included bringing urea under nutrient-based subsidy, linking subsidies to soil health data, and exploring direct cash transfers to farmers. Participants noted that low-cost urea often leads to overuse, creating nutrient imbalances.

Shift Toward Organic and Integrated Nutrient Management

The session proposed a mission-mode program to promote Integrated Nutrient Supply and Management. The goal is to replace at least 25% of mineral fertilizers with organic alternatives within three years.

Other recommendations include crop diversification, increased use of biofertilizers, recycling agricultural waste, and improving composting practices. Strengthening research into alternative fertilizers and indigenous mineral resources was also emphasized.

India’s fertilizer subsidy reached nearly ₹1.71 lakh crore in 2024–25, underscoring the fiscal impact of current practices.