Africa’s water challenge is increasingly being framed as an economic development issue rather than only a humanitarian concern. Governments, development institutions, and private sector representatives gathered at the African Water Forum in Chad this week to discuss ways to expand investment in water infrastructure, sanitation, and regional cooperation. The meeting was co-hosted by the Government of Chad and the World Bank Group.

More than 400 million people in Africa still lack access to safe drinking water, while over 700 million do not have access to basic sanitation. These gaps continue to affect public health, education, agriculture, and economic productivity across the continent.

Water Infrastructure Seen as Key to Economic Growth

The discussions focused on improving water systems through investment, stronger institutions, and regional cooperation. Africa is home to major freshwater resources, including the Nile, Congo Basin, Lake Victoria, Lake Chad, and the Niger and Zambezi river systems. Many of these water bodies are shared across national borders, making coordinated management an important policy issue.

The World Bank Group said its Water Forward initiative aims to help deliver water security to more than one billion people by 2030. The program seeks to increase investment in water projects while supporting economic growth, climate resilience, and food security.

Agriculture and Climate Resilience Drive Investment Plans

Agriculture employs more than 60% of Africa’s workforce, yet about 95% of cultivated land depends on rainfall. Experts at the forum said expanding climate-smart irrigation and improving water management could reduce risks from droughts and floods while increasing agricultural productivity.

Participants also highlighted the economic impact of improved sanitation and reliable water services. Better access can reduce disease, increase school attendance, and improve workforce participation, particularly among women and girls who often spend significant time collecting water.

Regional Cooperation Remains Central

Leaders emphasized that many African water resources cross national boundaries. They called for shared investment, better data systems, and stronger governance of river basins to support long-term development.

The forum concluded that coordinated planning, increased financing, and government-led reforms will be essential to convert Africa’s abundant water resources into sustainable economic growth and greater resilience.