The global fight against desertification entered a new phase in Ulaanbaatar on Aug. 17, as negotiators gathered to discuss land degradation, drought and the future of sustainable land management.

The discussions are relevant to communities across drylands, where declining land quality can affect food production, water availability, livestock and rural livelihoods. The talks are also closely linked to climate resilience and biodiversity.

Why Desertification Matters To Millions

Pastoralist representatives from 100 countries presented a Global Pastoralist Declaration during the opening day. The representatives highlighted the role of pastoral communities in managing rangelands and protecting natural resources.

Pastoralism supports livelihoods in many parts of Africa, Asia, the Middle East and other dryland regions. Sustainable grazing practices can help maintain vegetation, reduce soil erosion and support biodiversity when adapted to local conditions.

The growing focus on land restoration also reflects the economic importance of healthy soils and productive landscapes.

Drought Becomes A Major Negotiating Issue

Drought was among the first major subjects discussed by negotiators. Countries continued to differ over whether future international action should involve negotiations on a legally binding protocol or another form of framework.

The issue has global significance as drought can place pressure on agriculture, water systems and rural economies. Its effects can extend beyond areas directly affected by dry conditions through food markets, migration and economic disruption.

Financing And Science Shape The Next Steps

Negotiators also began discussions on the proposed budget for 2027-28. Three scenarios were presented, ranging from zero nominal growth to an increase of nearly 30% to support additional Secretariat positions.

Mongolia’s Prime Minister Nyam-Osoryn Uchral urged delegates to convert commitments into practical results. Batmunkh Battsetseg, Mongolia’s foreign minister, was elected president of the conference.

The negotiations will continue through Aug. 28. Key discussions are expected to focus on drought resilience, land restoration, financing, scientific evidence and implementation.